Applied Research Journal
Volume:2 Issue: 5, May 2016

The cost deviation is a big dilemma that accompanies with construction project. The study aims to identify the causes of cost deviation in Iraqi projects environment. To achieve this goal, the researcher has been conducting the following procedures, first: go through with open interviews with experts to identify the reasons which have a negative impact on the cost of construction project, and secondly: perform a field study on eight construction projects. Five of these projects were completed on budget or under budget, while the others completed over budget. By agreed of the experts and the parties of the eight projects, the researcher found the most important reasons leading to the cost deviation of the Iraqi construction projects, and we will mention some of them: Inability of company to meet project requirements, Inadequate planning, Inaccurate estimation of the cost, Delayed cash flows by owners, Inefficient executive manager of project, Lack of control to the time of the project or predict the date of its end, The negative impact of the population in the project area, Multiple sources of the decision and the overlap of powers, Poor performance of the contractor. And finally, the researcher offers a set of recommendations to overcome these problems.

Since, complete protection against local scour around bridge pier are not economical, the designer must seek ways to steer and control scour and reduce scour potential of structural damage. Usually two basic methods to protect against scour are presented. In the first way, that called direct method resistance of river bed is added against stresses. In the indirect way, second method, the flow regime has changed and horse shoe and vortexes which created around bridge pier are wreaked and reduce its intensity. One of the cases of the 2nd way is using the slot in the pier .The research has shown that this slot which construct in the pier can reduce depth of scour hole about 20%. But the slot, causes reduce the strength of pier structure under applied load up to 55% strength of control model. In this research seek a way for solving the problem. After carryout many tests found that when used the rectangular tie in section of slot, pier gain the strength about 86.4% of control model. Therefore, approximately comport 310.98kg/cm2.

Chemical reaction effect on unsteady MHD flow past an impulsively started oscillating inclined plate with variable temperature and mass diffusion in the presence of Hall current is studied here. The fluid considered is gray, absorbing-emitting radiation but a non-scattering medium. The Governing equations involved in the present analysis are solved by the Laplacetransform technique. The velocity profile is discussed with the help of graphs drawn for different parameters like Grashof number, mass Grashof Number, Prandtl number, Chemical reaction parameter, Hall currents parameter, phase angle, the magnetic field parameter and Schmidt number. The numerical values of skin-friction and Sherwood number have been tabulated.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of curvature and the girder spacing on the flexural behavior of horizontally curved in plane composite concrete-steel I-girder bridges under Iraqi live loads, using a Finite Element model by ANSYS Workbench 14.5 commercial software. Many parametric cases study of various degrees of curvature [(L/R) = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 radians], girder spacing (1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25 m) and Iraqi live load cases were adopted in this research. The numerical analysis results generally shows that the deflection, mid-span bottom flange longitudinal strain of girders increases when the bridge curvature increased under all selected Iraqi live load cases, and there is little effect of the girder spacing on the mid-span deflection under all the selected cases of Iraqi standard live loads.